Imagine standing on the walls of a fortress that watched the first Muslim armies enter the Caucasus. Welcome to Derbent — a city whose stones remember the dawn of Islam. Founded centuries before the Prophet Muhammad’s migration to Medina, this is the oldest city in Russia and a living monument to the profound historical ties between the Arab world and the lands of the North. For a traveler from the Gulf, a journey to Derbent is a pilgrimage to the very origins of Islam in this part of the world.

The First Gate: How Islam Came to the Caucasus

In the mid-7th century, during the time of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, the armies of the Arab Caliphate reached the strategic Caspian pass. Here, at the narrowest place between the mountains and the sea, stood the mighty Persian fortress of Derbent (its name means «Closed Gates» in Persian). After its capture, the city became the first stronghold of Islam in the region — a bridgehead for the spread of faith, culture, and knowledge. Walking through the ancient Juma Mosque, you walk where the first Muslims on this land prayed.

The Heart of the City: The Naryn-Kala Citadel & The Caspian Wall

The monumental Naryn-Kala Citadel, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, towers over the city. Its walls, stretching from the fortress to the sea, are a marvel of ancient military architecture. For over 1,500 years, they controlled the passage between Europe and Asia. Explore the ancient guardrooms, reservoirs, and the recently restored Khan’s Palace within the citadel. The view of the Caspian Sea from here is breathtaking.

The Oldest Mosque in Russia and the CIS

At the foot of the fortress lies the Juma Mosque of Derbent, built in 734. This is the oldest mosque in Russia and all the countries of the former USSR. Its serene courtyard with ancient chinar trees (over 300 years old) and a traditional pool for ablution creates an atmosphere of peace and timelessness. The mosque has been continuously functioning for nearly 1,300 years, making it not just an architectural monument, but a living center of spiritual life.

The Magical Old Town: A Labyrinth of History

Get lost in the magalb — Derbent’s Old Town, a labyrinth of narrow cobbled streets, traditional stone houses with wooden balconies, and secret courtyards. Here, time seems to have stopped centuries ago. Look for the ancient caravanserais, bathhouses (hamams), and water reservoirs. The atmosphere is authentic and incredibly atmospheric.

A Taste of Dagestan: Halal Cuisine at the Crossroads of Cultures

Dagestani cuisine is a feast and is entirely halal. In Derbent’s cafes, you must try:

Dagestan pilaf (plov): Aromatic rice with lamb, dried fruits, and a special blend of spices.
Chudu: Thin pies with various fillings: meat, cottage cheese, herbs, or pumpkin.
Shashlik: Juicy lamb skewers grilled over coals.
Local sweets: Try baklava and halva with Dagestan honey.

The city’s markets are full of fresh local produce, spices, and traditional bread.

Practical Information for a Spiritual Journey

Spiritual Comfort: Derbent is a Muslim city. The Juma Mosque and other mosques are always open for prayers. Modest dress when visiting religious sites is appreciated.
Getting There: The nearest major airport is in Makhachkala (Uytash Airport, MCX), about 2 hours by comfortable road transfer to Derbent. The road runs along the picturesque Caspian coast.
Best Time to Visit: Late spring (May-June) and early autumn (September-October) offer the most pleasant weather for exploring.
For Families: The city is safe and welcoming. The history is tangible, making it an educational and inspiring trip for children.

Begin Your Pilgrimage to History

Derbent is more than a destination; it’s a journey to the roots of Islamic history in Eurasia. Let Vizit Russia organize your meaningful trip to this timeless city.

Touch the stones that remember the first Muslims of the Caucasus.